Bio-based epoxy thermoset materials were synthesized using lignin-derived vanillin and syringaldehyde, along with naringenin, a non-toxic flavonoid. Schiff bases were polymerized via self-polymerization, initiator-assisted, and TGEN-copolymerization strategies. These materials exhibited high glass transition values, Tg ~ 138–249 °C, recyclability, and flame resistance (LOI 33–37%), offering sustainable alternatives for advanced materials applications.
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